Coupled radon, methane and nitrate sensors for large-scale assessment of groundwater discharge and non-point source pollution to coastal waters

We constructed a survey system of radon/methane/nitrate/salinity to find sites of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and groundwater nitrate input. We deployed the system in Waquoit Bay and Boston Harbor, MA where we derived SGD rates using a mass balance of radon with methane serving as a fine resolution qualitative indicator of groundwater. In Waquoit Bay we identified several locations of enhanced groundwater discharge, out of which two (Childs and Quashnet Rivers) were studied in more detail. The Childs River was characterized by high nitrate input via groundwater discharge, while the Quashnet River SGD was notable but not a significant source of nitrate. Our radon survey of Boston Harbor revealed several sites with significant SGD, out of these Inner Harbor and parts of Dorchester Bay and Quincy Bay had groundwater fluxes accompanied by significant water column nitrogen concentrations. The survey system has proven effective in revealing areas of SGD and non-point source pollution.     

Integrating Paleobiology,Archeology, and History to Inform Biological Conservation

The search for novel approaches to establishing ecological baselines (reference conditions) is constrained by the fact that most ecological studies span the past few decades, at most, and investigate ecosystems that have been substantially altered by human activities for decades, centuries, or more. Paleobiology, archeology, and history provide historical ecological context for biological conservation, remediation, and restoration. We argue that linking historical ecology explicitly with conservation can help unify related disciplines of conservation paleobiology, conservation archeobiology, and environmental history. Differences in the spatial and temporal resolution and extent (scale) of prehistoric, historic, and modern ecological data remain obstacles to integrating historical ecology and conservation biology, but the prolonged temporal extents of historical ecological data can help establish more complete baselines for restoration, document a historical range of ecological variability, and assist in determining desired future conditions. We used the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) fishery of the Chesapeake Bay (U.S.A.) to demonstrate the utility of historical ecological data for elucidating oyster conservation and the need for an approach to conservation that transcends disciplinary boundaries. Historical ecological studies from the Chesapeake have documented dramatic declines (as much as 99%) in oyster abundance since the early to mid‐1800s, changes in oyster size in response to different nutrient levels from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries, and substantial reductions in oyster accretion rates (from 10 mm/year to effectively 0 mm/year) from the Late Holocene to modern times. Better integration of different historical ecological data sets and increased collaboration between paleobiologists, geologists, archeologists, environmental historians, and ecologists to create standardized research designs and methodologies will help unify prehistoric, historic, and modern time perspectives on biological conservation. Integración de Paleobiología, Arqueología e Historia para Informar a la Biología de la Conservación     

香溪河库湾氮的时空分布及影响因子分析

为研究解决香溪河库湾水体富营养化问题，需探明库湾水体氮的时空分布及影响因子。2010年12月—2011年11月对香溪河与水库干流交界处至香溪河库湾尾部共12个采样点进行连续监测，分析香溪河库湾氮的时空分布，结果表明，香溪河库湾氮存在明显的时空分布规律。空间上，回水末端处TN和NO₃^--N浓度低，河口处浓度高，随着与回水末端距离的增加，浓度逐渐升高。在时间上，香溪河库湾TN和NO₃^--N浓度的变异系数随着与河口距离的增加总体上逐渐增大，研究时间内的变化程度逐渐变大；且香溪河库湾TN和NO₃^--N浓度在三峡水库不同运行阶段的时间变化规律不同。     

基于统计方法的辽东湾沉积物中多环芳烃来源特征分析

为研究辽东湾表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的来源特征,2014年5月采集了20个辽东湾海域表层沉积物样品,并利用气相色谱质谱联用仪对优先控制的16种PAHs进行测定,采用聚类分析、主成分分析-多元线性回归分析、异构体比值3种统计方法对辽东湾表层沉积物中PAHs来源特征进行了研究。结果表明,辽东湾表层沉积物中PAHs含量范围88.5~199.3 ng·g-1,平均值为(126.3±35.3)ng·g-1,其中,萘、菲和荧蒽是PAHs优势组分。通过统计分析结果表明,辽东湾北部表层沉积物中PAHs含量低于西南部,沉积物中PAHs的来源包括石油燃烧来源、煤炭、木材等生物质燃烧来源和石油来源,其中燃烧来源是主要来源,煤炭、木材等生物质燃烧来源占49.9%,石油燃烧来源和石油来源占50.1%。     

唐岛湾网箱养殖区沉积物-水界面溶解无机氮的扩散通量

2004-08～2005-05分4个航次对唐岛湾网箱养殖区的10个站的沉积物间隙水和上覆水中的溶解无机氮营养盐（NH⁺₄-Ｎ、NO^-₃-Ｎ、NO^-₂-Ｎ）进行了现场调查, 并使用Fick第一定理对该海区沉积物-水界面溶解无机氮的扩散通量进行了估算.结果表明,网箱养殖区的上覆水和沉积物间隙水中溶解无机氮均以NO^-₃-Ｎ为主,分别占溶解无机氮总量的73.34%和61.45%;上覆水中溶解无机氮（DIN）和NO^-₃-Ｎ含量的季节变化趋势一致,在2004-10达到峰值,NH⁺₄-Ｎ的季节变化稍有不同;间隙水中溶解无机氮（DIN）和NO^-₃-Ｎ、NH⁺₄-Ｎ的变化趋势一致,表现为从5月份到8月份含量逐渐增加,到10月份达到最大,然后到次年2月份又减少;上覆水和间隙水中NO^-₂-Ｎ的含量随养殖进程表现为一个逐步积累的过程.NH⁺₄-Ｎ、NO^-₃-Ｎ和NO^-₂-Ｎ在沉积物-海水界面上的扩散通量分别为5.46、-5.04、8.71 μmol/（m²·d）,NO^-₂-Ｎ的扩散释放对唐岛湾网箱养殖区的水环境质量影响较大.     

胶州湾沉积物氮的环境生物地球化学意义

利用氮的分级浸取技术,研究了胶州湾不同粒级沉积物中氮的赋存形态.研究表明,胶州湾沉积物中可转化态氮可分为离子交换态、弱酸浸取态、强碱浸取态和强氧化剂浸取态.不同粒级沉积物中各形态氮占可转化态氮的比例各不相同.在细、中和粗粒级沉积物中,强氧化剂浸取态氮是可交换态氮的优势形态,分别占可转化氮的35.38%、44.38%和58.69%.在中、粗粒级沉积物中,强碱浸取态氮是无机氮的主要赋存形态,分别占可转化态氮的26.31%和25.85%.在细粒级沉积物中,离子交换态氮是优势态的无机氮,占可转化态氮的27.67%.相关分析表明,对于胶州湾来说,沉积物的粒度越细,氮的含量就越高,各形态氮大致与细、中粒级沉积物含量呈正相关,而与粗粒级沉积物含量呈负相关.研究还表明,不同粒级沉积物中氮与浮游植物数量、叶绿素a以及上覆水体中硝酸盐的含量大致都在一定程度上呈正相关,这一方面说明了沉积物对上覆水体元素的含量有着不可忽视的影响,另一方面也说明了沉积物中的氮对海水的富营养化水平有着较好的指示和十分重要的环境意义.     

深圳湾水环境质量及变化趋势分析

20世纪90年代中期,深圳湾水质严重污染。随着深圳市污水处理设施陆续投入运行,2000年前后,水质一度有所改善。此外深圳湾水体交换不畅、底泥污染物释放进一步恶化了水质。但由于污水处理设施建设落后于经济的发展和污水排放量,目前深圳湾水质状况仍然堪忧。提出了改善水质的对策建议。     

流沙湾海域浮游植物群落结构的时空变化

根据2006～2007年4个航次对流沙湾海域浮游植物的调查资料,分析了该海域浮游植物的物种组成及时空分布、优势种及季节演替、总细胞数的时空分布、多样性指数和均匀度以及浮游植物与环境因子之间的关系.结果显示,调查期间共鉴定出浮游植物65属159种,隶属4个门.主要生态类群有广温种和暖水种,优势种季节更替明显,菱形海线藻(...     

广东红海湾银杏齿喙鲸组织中HCH的残留水平与分布特征

为了解HCH在中国近岸海域哺乳动物体内的积累状况,本文用Agilent 6890 N型气相色谱仪、DB-1701型毛细管色谱柱和<'63>Ni放射源微电子捕获检测器,测定了中国广东红海湾银杏齿喙鲸(Mesoplodon ginkgodens)鲸体中∑HCH(α-HCH、β-HCH,γ-HCH和δ-HCH)的含量,并分析...     

大亚湾大中型浮游动物的时空变化及其影响因素

根据2006年7月至2007年l1月在大亚湾四个季节的浮游动物调查资料,分析了大亚湾浮游动物的种类组成、优势种、群落结构、丰度和生物量的时空变化以及环境对其影响.经鉴定共有终生浮游动物105种和阶段性浮游幼虫17个类群.与以往调查资料相比,部分优势种的优势程度顺序发生了改变.由于受到季风、环流和人类活动等的影响,大亚湾...